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AFTERNOON 17 March 2023

2023年3月17日下午

　　The Human Rights Council this afternoon continued its general debate on agenda item three on the promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development.

　　人权理事会今天下午继续就关于促进和保护所有人权，公民、政治、经济、社会和文化权利，包括发展权的议程项目三进行一般性辩论。

　　In the general debate, many speakers spoke of national efforts to promote and protect all human rights, while others pointed out shortcomings in a number of countries and regions. Many speakers said that despite progress, human rights remained under constant threat globally: in an increasingly interconnected world, collaborative efforts were crucial in order to harness the positive potential of new and emerging technologies. They offered a series of challenges and opportunities across a wide range of human rights issues, such as the need to protect privacy online, the need to combat cyberbullying, digital tools to prevent climate change, neurotechnology as an emerging frontier issue, and bridging the digital divide fairly and effectively. The principles that the international community committed to in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action must evolve to address these new operational challenges.

　　在一般性辩论中，许多发言者谈到了各国为促进和保护所有人权所作的努力，而其他发言者则指出了一些国家和地区的不足之处。许多发言者说，尽管取得了进展，但人权仍然在全球范围内不断受到威胁：在一个日益相互关联的世界中，为了利用新技术和新兴技术的积极潜力，合作努力是关键。他们提出了一系列涉及广泛人权问题的挑战和机遇，如保护网上隐私的需要、打击网络欺凌的需要、防止气候变化的数字工具、作为新兴前沿问题的神经技术，以及公平有效地缩小数字鸿沟。国际社会在《世界人权宣言》和《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》中承诺的原则必须不断发展，以应对这些新的业务挑战。

　　Cultural rights were transformative and empowering, and therefore essential to the fulfilment of other human rights, which made them an indispensable part of the whole human rights system. Further, cultural rights should be seen as the bridge between civil and political rights, and economic and social rights. In fact, cultural rights protected the rights of people “to develop and express their humanity, their world view, and the meanings they give to their existence and their development”, through access to tangible and intangible cultural heritage. As such, they were a necessary component to ensure the right to development as envisioned by article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It was crucial that all economic, social and cultural rights and civil and political rights be treated on an equal footing and in an equitable manner.

　　文化权利具有变革性和赋权性，因此对实现其他人权至关重要，这使它们成为整个人权体系中不可或缺的一部分。此外，文化权利应被视为公民和政治权利以及经济和社会权利之间的桥梁。事实上，文化权利通过获取物质和非物质文化遗产，保护人们 "发展和表达他们的人性、他们的世界观以及他们赋予自己生存和发展的意义 "的权利。因此，它们是确保《世界人权宣言》第1条所设想的发展权的一个必要组成部分。至关重要的是，所有的经济、社会和文化权利以及公民和政治权利都要在平等的基础上公平对待。

　　Some speakers said the Council needed to honour its mandate and take appropriate action, and stand up and establish independent investigative mechanisms to ensure that victims of human rights violations received accountability and justice. The full enjoyment of human rights would only be possible in the context of world progress. The gendered impact of aging impacted disproportionately on women’s rights in many countries: the inequalities that women endured during their lives affected their economic independence in old age, and their rights needed to be upheld, including their rights to housing. States should collect disaggregated data in order to determine the particular discriminations that women suffered.

　　一些发言者说，安理会需要履行其职责，采取适当的行动，站起来并建立独立的调查机制，以确保侵犯人权的受害者得到问责和正义。只有在世界进步的背景下，才有可能充分享受人权。在许多国家，老龄化的性别影响对妇女的权利产生了不成比例的影响：妇女在生活中忍受的不平等影响了她们在老年时的经济独立，她们的权利需要得到维护，包括她们的住房权利。各国应收集分类数据，以确定妇女遭受的特殊歧视。

　　All human rights were universal, indivisible, inalienable, inter-dependent, and mutually-reinforcing. Some speakers said States retained inalienable sovereign rights to develop their legal systems, in line with their peculiarities and national circumstances, while upholding their international obligations. Thus, any attempt to introduce controversial and non-consensual notions of human rights would be counter-productive and further polarise the international community, with negative consequences for the human rights course. It was therefore imperative to continue multilateral efforts devoid of politicisation and with respect for the sovereign equality of nations.

　　所有人权都是普遍的、不可分割的、不可剥夺的、相互依存的和相互加强的。一些发言者说，各国在坚持其国际义务的同时，保留了不可剥夺的主权权利，根据其特点和国情发展其法律制度。因此，任何试图引入有争议和非共识的人权概念的做法都会适得其反，使国际社会进一步分化，对人权进程产生负面影响。因此，当务之急是继续开展没有政治化的多边努力，并尊重各国的主权平等。

　　Unilateral coercive measures violated the rights of nations and of populations, including their right to development, and went against their well-being. The right to development should be achieved through international cooperation, reducing poverty, and eliminating inequalities within and among countries. Unilateral coercive measures or economic sanctions had led to serious healthcare concerns because of the ban on banking transactions and international trade. A huge body of literature confirmed that sanctions harmed vulnerable populations, including patients in general and cancer patients in particular. All United Nations Member States should stop supporting illegal unilateral coercive measures, which were imposed on countries beyond the authority of the United Nations and the rule of law. The Special Procedures mandate holders should speak out for the rights of patients who suffered from unilateral coercive measures in joint statements.

　　单边胁迫性措施侵犯了国家和人民的权利，包括他们的发展权，并且违背了他们的福祉。发展权应通过国际合作、减少贫困和消除国家内部和国家之间的不平等来实现。由于禁止银行交易和国际贸易，单边强制措施或经济制裁已经导致了严重的医疗卫生问题。大量的文献证实，制裁伤害了弱势人群，包括一般的病人，特别是癌症病人。所有联合国会员国应停止支持非法的单方面胁迫性措施，这些措施是在联合国的权威和法治之外强加给国家的。特别程序任务负责人应在联合声明中为遭受单方面胁迫性措施的病人的权利大声疾呼。